Which of the following contributes to the creation of reserves?

The creation of reserves in risk management involves setting aside funds to cover potential future claims and liabilities. Subrogation, bad debt, and disputed claims directly relate to the expected future outflows that an organization might face due to obligations arising from claims.

Subrogation refers to the right of an insurer to pursue a third party that caused an insurance loss to the insured. When a claim is disputed or unpaid (i.e., bad debt), it indicates uncertainty in the amount that may ultimately need to be settled. As such, these elements necessitate the establishment of reserves to ensure that the organization is financially prepared to meet potential claims obligations that could arise from these scenarios.

The other options do not directly pertain to the factors that contribute to the determination of reserves. Future estimates of claims are related but are only one part of the broader context involving potential liabilities. Direct sales revenue and customer feedback do not impact the creation of reserves, as they do not represent future payouts or liabilities that would need to be tracked and financially planned for. Therefore, the first option provides the most comprehensive view of what contributes to the creation of reserves in risk management.